Mark Vicente explains that "ESP" stands for "Executive Success Programs" within the NXIVM umbrella. Mark Vicente, a co-director of What the Bleep Do We Know!?, promotes NXIVM to one of the interviewed guests. Noujaim wanted to interview all involved in NXIVM including its founder Nancy Salzman, who took a year to decide to participate in the series, to show a 360-view of an "eco-system of manipulation". For the second season, Noujaim directed the season without Karim Amer, who departed to focus on other projects but remained an executive producer. In September 2020, in an interview with Variety Noujaim stated "We reached out to everybody involved - many people, on all sides of the story - and we are continuing to film." On October 16, 2020, HBO renewed the series for a second season. In April 2019, it was announced the series had been greenlit by HBO, with HBO Documentary Films producing. The series additionally features archive footage and recordings of Keith Raniere, Nancy Salzman, Lauren Salzman, Clare Bronfman, Sara Bronfman, Emiliano Salinas, Nicki Clyne, and Marc Elliot, among others, which were shot by Vicente as part of NXIVM's plan to document Raniere and how "wise" he was 24/7 for "future generations". Cult expert Janja Lalich served as a consultant on the series. India Oxenberg decided not to participate in the series as she was not ready at the time of production to share her story to any outlet she later did in Seduced, which focuses on her story as told by her and her mother. Oxenberg decided to split from the production in fear her daughter would not reunite with her with cameras around. Oxenberg filmed with Noujaim and Amer for a year-and-a-half before reuniting with her daughter, India Oxenberg, whom she attempts to rescue throughout the first season. The series was shot using Cinéma vérité, with all involved in the project unsure what would happen to NXIVM and Raniere. Production on the series began in 2017, initially focusing on Sarah Edmondson, Mark Vicente, Bonnie Piesse, Anthony Ames, and Catherine Oxenberg as a way to document their escape from NXIVM as they were fearful of being sued by Clare Bronfman, and wanted to protect themselves by having it taped. With the second season set to be its last, Noujaim has expressed interest in making a third season or a special focusing on the organization in Mexico, as majority of members were from Mexico. Noujaim and Amer planned to split the story into two parts, with the first part focusing on those who left the cult and the second focusing on legal aspects. Editors on the project suggested Noujaim participate as a subject in the series however, since she only took two weeks of classes compared to other participants in the series, she felt it would not be right. Noujaim returned to finish her courses in 2017, where she was told about abuses within the organization and began documenting alongside Karim Amer. Noujaim previously wanted to make a documentary about NXIVM, after hearing about people's lives being changed within days, but was unable to get the access she needed to make the film. In 2007, Jehane Noujaim took a NXIVM course after being recruited by Sara Bronfman. The second season of the series focuses on Raniere's trial and takes a continued look inside his inner circle and at ongoing supporters through interviews with co-founder Nancy Salzman and her daughter, Michelle Salzman, former NXIVM members Karen Unterreiner, Isabella Constantino and Verónica Jaspeado, New York Post journalist Emily Saul, lead prosecutor Moira Kim Penza, defense attorney Marc Agnifilo and supporters Nicki Clyne, Marc Elliot, Michele Hatchette, and Eduardo Aunsolo. Catherine Oxenberg appears in the series as she attempts to rescue her daughter India Oxenberg, a story at the center of another docuseries, Seduced: Inside the NXIVM Cult. In the first season, former NXIVM members Sarah Edmondson, Mark Vicente, Bonnie Piesse, Anthony "Nippy" Ames, Barbara Bouchey, Susan Dones and Toni Natalie appear prominently, alongside Frank Parlato, who helped start initial reporting on the criminal activity of NXIVM, and New York Times reporter Barry Meier. The Vow follows members who joined the self-improvement group NXIVM – whose leader, Keith Raniere, was convicted of sex trafficking and racketeering conspiracy, among other crimes – and reveals the emotional toll of unfolding events, as well as the role actress Allison Mack played in recruiting new members. In October 2020, the series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on October 17, 2022. The NXIVM documentary series premiered on Augon HBO. The Vow is an American true crime documentary series directed by Jehane Noujaim and Karim Amer that revolves around the cult NXIVM and its leader Keith Raniere.
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